Base form is usually the least marked form of a word. It is the form one expects to find in a dictionary. Each language has its own convention of what form is the base form. In Indoeuropean languages it is usually the singular nominative form of a noun, infinitive form of a verb and masculine positive singular nominative form of an adjective.
| base form | derived forms |
|---|---|
| go [v.] | goes, went, gone, going |
| finger [n.] | fingers, finger's |
| warm [adj.] | warmer, warmest |
Words belong to various lexical categories. The part-of-speech (POS) tags give the users of the dictionaries a hint how the word is used. They also enable us to find better indirect translations.
POS tags should be written between the square brackets and end with a dot. Where possible, international abbreviations should be used.
| word class | part-of-speech tags | examples |
|---|---|---|
| Noun | [n.], [m.], [f.] |
en: man [n.], woman [n.], child [n.] de: Mann [m.], Frau [f.], Kind [n.] |
| Adjective | [adj.] | tall [adj.], warm [adj.], green [adj.] |
| Adverb | [adv.] | here [adv.], soon [adv.], really [adv.] |
| Verb | [v.] | be [v.], have [v.], go [v.], eat [v.] |
| Pronoun | [pron.] | he [pron.], she [pron.], it [pron.] |
| Conjunction> | [conj.] | and [conj.], or [conj.], if [conj.] |
| Preposition | [prep.] | to [prep.], for [prep.], on [prep.] |
| Interjection | [interj.] | hello [interj.], oh [interj.], please [interj.] |
It is not always clear how to determine the right POS. When in doubt, don't.
The [coll.] and [vulg.] tags should follow the POS tags. If a vulgar word is translated with a non-vulgar word, only the vulgar side of the translation should have the [vulg.] qualifier.
| class | tag | applies to |
|---|---|---|
| Colloquial | [coll.] | words not used in formal speech |
| Vulgar | [vulg.] | words subject to taboo |
| Offensive | [vulg.] | offensive names for hated groups of people based on nationality, race, sexuality, class, religion... |
Only the words that are always spelled with a capital letter should be spelled with a capital letter.
Homonyms generate horrible indirect translations. They should be disambiguated by putting a synonym, a hypernym or an object in parentheses after the headword and before the tags. For example